Introduction Facial resurfacing with chemical peels and lasers is indicated for patients with photoaged skin. Photoaging is a term used to describe the changes that occur within the skin with aging and ultraviolet (UV) exposure, such as skin dullness due…
Introduction The submandibular gland is one of three paired major salivary glands that drains into the oral cavity. It is midway in size and location between the largest, the parotid gland, and the smallest, the sublingual gland. Histologically, it consists…
Introduction The hypopharynx is the inferior-most portion of the pharynx, bounded by the oropharynx superiorly and the esophagus inferiorly. The hypopharynx is intimately related to the larynx, both anatomically and functionally. Anatomically, the hypopharynx extends from the base of the…