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Access video and video lecture content for this chapter online at Elsevier eBooks+ Botulinum toxin types Botulinum toxin is produced by Clostridium botulinum , an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rod. The bacterium produces eight distinguishable neurotoxins. Although both types A and…

Summary of Key Features Around 85% of 12- to 24-year olds are affected by acne, while many patients continue to struggle with acne even into adulthood. Acne is extremely frustrating for patients and causes depression and anxiety, poor self image,…