Introduction Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a partial or complete occlusion of the pulmonary arteries, with hemodynamic consequences determined by the size and location of the embolus, preexisting cardiopulmonary disease, and the severity of ventilation and oxygenation compromise. Acute PE…
Introduction Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic, nonatheromatous, noninflammatory, proliferative disease of the musculature of arterial walls, first described in 1938 as a rare cause of renovascular hypertension with a “string-of-beads” appearance. The pathogenesis is still unknown, but up to…
Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is predicated on complete exclusion of the aneurysm from the arterial circulation. An endoleak, or continued arterial perfusion of the aneurysm sac after endovascular treatment, can compromise the effectiveness of EVAR. There are five…
Carotid angioplasty and stenting with cerebral protection has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to endarterectomy and is a treatment option for carotid arteriosclerotic disease. Carotid angioplasty and stenting comprises the following steps: (1) preprocedural evaluation, (2) femoral access, (3)…