Peritoneal Aspiration/Lavage Gray's Anatomy for Students: 135, 136 Netter: 252, 254 Clinical Application Procedure introduces a trocar to withdraw fluid or to introduce saline into the peritoneal cavity for irrigation. Anatomic Landmarks ( Figs. V.1 and V.2 ) Infraumbilical region…
Atlas References Netter: 265–269, 300, 311–323 McMinn: 253–261 Gray's Atlas: 183–196, 198–199 Exposing the Kidneys o Cut the white lines of Toldt (paracolic gutters) along the edges of the ascending and the descending colon, and reflect the large and small…
Atlas References Netter: 273–299, 301–305 McMinn: 234–252 Gray's Atlas: 157–182 In most cadavers, the liver occupies a significant portion of the peritoneal cavity. The gallbladder may be difficult to see at this point, but look for its fundus. Dissection Tip…
Atlas References Netter: 270–273, 276, 280, 284 McMinn: 226–233, 244, 249 Gray's Atlas: 152–156, 159, 164, 166–168, 172 Three Different Techniques for Opening the Peritoneal Cavity Dissection Tip All cuts with the scalpel should be made carefully to avoid cutting…
Atlas References Netter: 249–264, 389, 390 McMinn: 217–225, 253 Gray's Atlas: 134–146, 148–150 Before You Begin In general, the abdomen can be divided into right and left superior (upper) quadrants and right and left inferior (lower) quadrants. This division in…
Subacromial Bursitis Injection Gray's Anatomy for Students: 64, 392 Netter: 192, 193 Clinical Application Provides relief for frequently inflamed bursa lying beneath the acromion near the supraspinatus tendon. Anatomic Landmarks ( Fig. IV.1 ) Anterior acromion Lateral acromion Posterior acromion…
Atlas References Netter: 442–469 McMinn: 154–169 Gray's Atlas: 426–429, 440–456 Before You Begin Palpation Flex and extend your digits, noting the movements of the tendons beneath the skin. On the dorsal side of your hand, identify the tendons of the…
Atlas References Netter: 430–440, 463–469 McMinn: 148–153 Gray's Atlas: 424, 430–439, 457–459 Before You Begin Palpate the following bony landmarks on the cadaver or on yourself: Lateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus Styloid process of the radius Head, styloid…
Atlas References Netter: 405, 414, 419–424 McMinn: 138–145 Gray's Atlas: 384–419 Before You Begin Axillary Borders The pectoral region should have been dissected before the study of the axilla is begun. Refer to Chapter 4 for the regional anatomy of…
Thoracentesis Gray's Anatomy for Students: 62, 78 Netter: 197 Clinical Application Introduce a needle or trocar into the intrathoracic cavity, creating a conduit to allow air (pneumothorax) to escape or to help remove fluid. Anatomic Landmarks Needle: 2nd intercostal space…