Key points The need for heart valve replacement surgery marks a major milestone in the natural history of valve disease and mandates establishment of a schedule for clinical and echocardiographic surveillance. Surgical repair, especially for primary mitral regurgitation, is preferred…
Additional content is available online at Elsevier eBooks for Practicing Clinicians The past six decades have witnessed extraordinary advancements in patient survival and functional outcomes following heart valve replacement surgery. Continued refinements in prosthetic valve design and performance, surgical and…
Acknowledgments The authors thank Drs. Jean G. Dumesnil and Haifa Mahjoub for their contributions to this chapter in the previous edition. More than 300,000 patients per year require valve replacement in the world, and this number is estimated to triple…
Low-flow, low-gradient (LF-LG) aortic stenosis (AS) is characterized by a small aortic valve area (AVA<1.0 cm 2 ), a low gradient (mean <40 mm Hg), and a low-flow state (stroke volume index [SVI] <35 mL/m 2 ). The LF-LG AS…
Low-flow, low-gradient (LF-LG) aortic stenosis (AS) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) occurs in approximately 5% to 10% of patients with AS. This entity is characterized by a small aortic valve area (AVA) compatible with severe AS (i.e., ≤1.0…