Introduction The veins are complex “organs,” and much like arteries, are well suited to their physiologic purpose. Venous diseases represent a major concern in the general population and are influenced by genetics, environment, and acquired conditions. Understanding the basic physiologic…
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes both deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is very common. Although the etiology of acute venous thrombosis (VT) is defined by Virchow triad of hypercoagulability, stasis, and endothelial injury, it is clearly a…
Basic Coagulation Pathways Hemostasis is generally initiated by damage to the vessel wall and disruption of the endothelium, but in venous thrombosis (VT), it may be initiated in the absence of vessel wall damage. Both arterial thrombosis and VT converge…
Renal artery aneurysms represent an unusual vascular disease that has been encountered with increasing regularity in clinical practice. In part, this reflects their frequent incidental recognition as a consequence of the proliferation of noninvasive imaging for nonvascular diseases. The incidence…
Arterial macroembolism causes significant morbidity and is associated with mortality. In the limb, an arterial macroembolism causes one of the most common vascular emergencies: acute limb ischemia (ALI). Prompt recognition and diagnosis followed by rapid restoration of blood flow to…
The evaluation of patients who come to the hospital with symptoms of aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) in the setting of peripheral artery disease (PAD) routinely includes methods for determining the anatomic location of and physiologic significance of the occlusive process.…