Overview Radiology played a major role in defining child abuse as a medical entity, most notably with the landmark publications by Caffey (1946) and Silverman (1953). Silverman also contributed to Kempe's 1962 paper, “The Battered Child,” which demonstrated the prevalence…
General Overview The dictum “Children are not small adults” is especially true regarding skeletal trauma. Fracture patterns, fracture healing, and fracture complications differ between children and adults. Fortunately, fracture complications are relatively uncommon. In healthy children, the process of fracture…
Overview Malalignment of extremity bones may be congenital or acquired. Primary bone or secondary soft tissue or neuromuscular disorders can result in abnormal alignment. Malalignment is often seen with congenital deformities characterized by embryologic failure of development, discussed in Chapter…
Embryology Both striated muscle and bone are derived from the mesodermal germ layer. The limb buds form at the end of the fourth week of fetal life. Near the end of the second month of fetal life, the embryonic cartilaginous…