Introduction Sedative hypnotic agents are an essential element in the care of pediatric patients. These drugs are used as premedicants, induction agents, and adjuvants for the maintenance of anesthesia or sedation. They are administered either as sole agents or in…
Introduction Because of a sophisticated and efficient thermoregulatory system, humans are able to maintain their core body temperature constant within ±0.2°C of its normal value of 37.0°C despite changing ambient temperatures. This characteristic defines a homeothermic organism in contrast to…
Introduction In the past few decades, new scientific knowledge of physiology and pharmacology in developing humans and technologic advancements in equipment and monitoring have markedly changed the practice of pediatric anesthesia. In addition, further emphasis on patient safety (e.g., correct…
Liver Transplantation The first successful pediatric liver transplant was performed by Tom Starzl and colleagues in 1967, but the history of liver transplantation actually began in 1955 with Stuart Welch in Albany and Jack Cannon at UCLA. Welch was the…
Anatomy THE LIVER AND BILIARY TREE are derived from the endoderm of the dorsal foregut during the late third to the early fourth week of gestation. By the sixth week, the fetal liver primarily serves as a hematopoietic organ, while…