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Introduction The number of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is continuously increasing in the setting of an aging population and increasing global disease burden of diabetes. A recent meta-analysis of 34 studies estimated that over 202 million people worldwide…
Upper extremity ischemia accounts for less than 5% of patients presenting for evaluation of limb ischemia, with a vast majority of cases being caused by autoimmune/connective tissue diseases. In contrast to the lower extremity, atherosclerosis is not a major etiology…