Heart failure Definition The ability of the left ventricle to function as one of the body’s two main pumping chambers depends on how efficiently it ejects and subsequently fills with oxygenated blood. This implicit duality indicates that heart failure may…
Heart failure Definition The ability of the left ventricle to function as one of the body’s two main pumping chambers depends on how efficiently it ejects and subsequently fills with oxygenated blood. This implicit duality indicates that heart failure may…
Risk 4% of all congenital heart disease and 0.3–0.4:1000 live births 40–50% of AV canal defects are associated with trisomy 21 Perioperative Risks Paradoxical air embolism Shunt reversal (from left to right to right to left) because of vasodilating volatile…
Case Synopsis A 67-year-old man with critical aortic valve stenosis (aortic valve area of 0.5 cm 2 ), severe mitral regurgitation, coronary artery disease, left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction of 30%), and chronic renal insufficiency (serum creatinine concentration of…