Definitions Adjacent segment disease (ASD) has been broadly and inconsistently defined in the literature. Other terms that have been used to describe ASD include junctional disease, junctional stenosis, or a transitional lesion. ASD has been applied to a plethora of…
Introduction Revision lumbar surgery is a technically challenging operation that requires careful planning and patient selection. In the case of previous interbody fusion, there are particular considerations the surgeon needs to address when planning a revision operation, such as the…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is spinal cord dysfunction accompanying age-related degeneration of the cervical spine. The lack of prospective studies of its natural history and vague clinical symptoms pose difficult challenges for clinicians. This chapter aims…