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Bile formation is essential for intestinal lipid digestion and absorption, cholesterol homeostasis, and hepatic excretion of lipid-soluble xenobiotics, drug metabolites, and heavy metals. The process of bile formation depends on hepatic synthesis and canalicular secretion of bile acids, the predominant…
41.1 Introduction Bile is a complex aqueous secretion that originates from hepatocytes and is modified distally by the biliary epithelium. As a basic “humor” in the body, the significance of bile had been recognized since antiquity. However, our understanding of…