Key points Acute pulmonary hypertension (aPH), classically referred to as persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) when occurring during the perinatal transition period, is characterized by failure of the normal postnatal decline in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Elevated pulmonary…
Key points Percutaneous (or transcatheter) PDA closure is an emerging technique that has gained popularity in the most recent years and is being performed in progressively smaller and younger patients. Advancements in the technique, the launch of devices that are…
Key points Although presence of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can easily be confirmed with echocardiography, diagnosis of a hemodynamically significant PDA is more challenging and not standardized. Evaluation of hemodynamic and clinical significance of a PDA should include assessment…
Acknowledgment This chapter is based on a previous contribution by Maria Delivoria-Papadopoulos and Jane E. McGowan. Introduction Because aerobic metabolism is critically dependent on a consistent and adequate supply of oxygen, oxygen is an essential fuel source for normal cellular…
On average, up to 12% of liveborn infants in the developed world are born prior to term. These rates have increased as a consequence of assisted reproductive technology and earlier intervention for either maternal or fetal well-being. The causes of…