Definition Venous air embolism (VAE) is defined as entrainment of air in the venous circulation during any surgical procedure that may produce systemic effects. Historically, VAE was reported as early as 1667 when death was reported in animals following air…
Definition Seizure activities are not only difficult to diagnose intraoperative in an anesthetized patient; they are also less recognized clinically, as compared to postoperative seizures in the intensive care unit. Seizure activity may be evident only in cases of incomplete…
Definition Pneumocephalus is defined as an asymptomatic intracranial collection of air, commonly occurring after craniotomy or cranial burr hole. In a retrospective study, the incidence of intracranial air collection varied from 73% in park-bench position, 57% in prone position, and…