1 Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multi-factorial disorder where state-dependent loss of upper airway muscle tone and neuromuscular dysfunction result in cyclical upper airway obstruction during sleep. Hypoglossal neurostimulation is a new, functional approach to treating OSA that…
1 Goals and Considerations Multiple mechanisms underlie upper airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Although a small upper airway size is fundamental to OSA, muscle tone, tissue factors, lung volume, loop gain, and arousal threshold are important additional determinants.…
1 Introduction Intraoral mandibular advancement devices (MADs) have become an acceptable and common treatment for the signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the United States. Oral appliances can be employed as a first-line modality for OSA and…
1 Introduction Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is the standard modality for treating moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults. It was first described by Colin Sullivan, an Australian pulmonologist, in 1981. There are several theories as to…
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