Introduction Multiple anterior approaches to the craniocervical junction have been described to allow exposure to the midline and lateral aspects of both the cranial base and upper cervical spine. The transoral-transpharyngeal approach, a technique well known to many spine surgeons,…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory polyarthritis that often involves the joints of the upper and subaxial cervical spine. The common spinal manifestations include atlantoaxial subluxation, rheumatoid basilar invagination, and subaxial subluxation. Important Points Selection…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis The upper cervical spine encompasses the area spanning the occiput, the atlas (C1), the axis (C2), and the C2-C3 motion segment. The authors discuss four main approaches to the upper cervical spine: the dorsal or posterior,…