Key Points ▪ The process of nociception is a dynamic process (i.e., neuroplasticity) with multiple points of modulation. Persistent noxious input may result in relatively rapid neuronal sensitization and possibly persistent pain. ▪ Postoperative pain, especially when poorly controlled, results…
Risk Risk factors for the development of POD can be categorized as pt or procedure related. Pt-related factors: Age >75 y. Preexisting cognitive dysfunction or depression. Male sex. Preexisting severe illness. Polypharmacy (>3 medications) and use of psychoactive medications. History…
Case Synopsis A 75-year-old woman presents for hemiarthroplasty after a femoral neck fracture. She has a history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, moderate pulmonary hypertension, and osteoporosis. Her medications include lisinopril and clopidogrel. The patient undergoes induction of general anesthesia,…