Introduction Cardiac pseudoaneurysms are an uncommon occurrence; however, they are associated with significant risk of complications. , A pseudoaneurysm is a contained rupture of the arterial vessel or myocardial wall. A single layer of pericardium or adhesions lines the sac,…
Introduction Paravalvular prosthetic leak (PVL) occurs in 6% to 15% of surgical prosthetic valves or annuloplasty rings secondary to degeneration and loss of integrity of the annular tissue. Moderate-to-severe PVL is associated with increased morbidity and mortality if left untreated.…
Paravalvular leak (PVL) occurs in 5% to 17% of patients after valve replacement surgery. Although the majority of PVLs are subclinical, some patients develop symptoms of heart failure, hemolysis, or both, requiring intervention. Surgical repair or valve re-replacement is the…