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Introduction Since the inception of anesthesia changed and expanded surgery, some patients have experienced changes in cognitive function postoperatively. Elderly patients are at higher risk of these changes in neurocognitive function, probably because of reduced cognitive reserve and increased cerebral…

Key Points ▪ The proportion of adults over age 70 has increased throughout the world with a corresponding increase in older surgical patients. ▪ Normal aging is associated with changes in physiology and an increase in many pathologic conditions. ▪…