Introduction Traditional transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is performed through a large midline open incision on the back. With this approach the surgeon must dissect and retract the paraspinal musculature in order to access the target level This can lead…
Minimally invasive posterior cervical (MIPC) approaches are safe and effective procedures that can be used to treat clinically significant foraminal stenosis resulting from lateral disc herniation or osteophytes. Symptoms improve in more than 90% of patients who undergo the procedure.…
Summary of Key Points The percutaneous vertebral augmentation procedures vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are indicated for painful vertebral compression fractures refractory to conservative medical management. Vertebroplasty involves injection of the bone cement, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), into a fractured vertebral body, typically using…