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While heart failure (HF) affects all segments of the population, older patients, women, and racial and ethnic minority groups have been markedly underrepresented in most major HF trials. This chapter provides a brief summary of the epidemiology, clinical features, and…

Acknowledgment The authors gratefully acknowledge Drs. Viola Vaccarino and J. Douglas Bremner, whose chapter on this topic in the prior edition of Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine served as the basis for the current chapter. Additional content…

Additional content is available online at Elsevier eBooks for Practicing Clinicians The population of older adults is expanding throughout the world. In the United States the population age ≥65 years, barely 3 million total in 1900, has climbed to about…