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Key Points Incidence In 2018, an estimated 8580 new cases and 1160 deaths were attributed to anal cancer, representing approximately 3% of gastrointestinal malignancies in the United States. Biologic Characteristics Prognostic factors predictive for local control and survival are primary…
Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is the delivery of radiation during surgery ( Video 22.1 ). The rationale is straightforward: escalating radiation dose may enhance local tumor control. In many clinical situations, the dose delivered by external-beam radiation techniques is limited by…