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Summary of Key Points Although there is significant preclinical research supporting early surgery for traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI), the timing of surgery remains a controversial topic among spine surgeons. The evidence supporting early surgery consists primarily of retrospective studies…
Summary of Key Points The spinal cord is essential in the relay, modulation, and control of neurological information to and from the periphery. An understanding of the structural anatomy of the cord will allow for the study of its function.…

1.3A.1 Introduction Prior to the 1980s a diagnosis of trauma to the spinal cord was largely inferred based on either X-rays showing misalignment of the spinal column or myelography whereby interruption of the flow of contrast medium in the cerebral…