Synopsis ■ The maxilla may be thought of as a six-walled geometric box. ■ Most extensive midface defects require free flaps for reconstruction. ■ Complex structures such as nose, eyelids, and lips should be reconstructed separately, usually with local flaps.…
Introduction The skull base is a complex anatomic region through which the major blood vessels of the head and neck, cranial nerves, and spinal cord pass. A variety of congenital malformations and neoplasms can involve the skull base. As surgical…
Introduction Reconstruction of the midface, particularly of the maxilla, following tumor removal is a significant challenge because of its complex three-dimensional architecture and important role in facial esthetics and function. The goals of reconstruction include: (1) maintaining midfacial height, width,…
Introduction The skin and subcutaneous tissue of the back may be harvested as a flap supplied by the cutaneous or superficial branch of the circumflex scapular artery, originally named by Manchot. This branch is termed the “superficial circumflex scapular artery.”…
Introduction In recent years, surgeons have taken advantage of various technologies to aid in microvascular free flap reconstructions. In this chapter, we discuss the use of virtual surgical planning and rapid prototype modeling for use in craniofacial reconstructions with vascularized…