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What Is Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Heart Failure? As antiretroviral therapy (ART) has become widely adopted, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)–defining infections and malignancies have become less common, and the burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases has increased. Parallel to this transition,…

1 How have the cardiac manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus changed over the years? Until the early 1990s, cardiac manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently included overt and often acute viral and inflammatory…