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Key points Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a hyperostotic condition of the spine associated with severe neurologic deficits. The incidence is higher in East Asians. OPLL is a multifactorial disease caused by a combination of environmental and…

Key points High-intensity zones (HIZs) represent a hyperintense signal on T2-weighted MRI in the region of the annulus fibrosus and can be used to represent annular tears. HIZs have variable biomechanics, epidemiology, and risk factors and are associated with or…