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Introduction Patellofemoral instability (PFI) is a complex condition with multiple contributing factors. There is increasing evidence to suggest that one of the most important factors causing PFI is the presence of trochlear dysplasia (TD). , Although TD is present in…
Introduction This chapter describes the clinical background for medial knee instability and the indications for surgical treatment of medial collateral ligament (MCL) and posteromedial corner injuries. Historically, treatment of acute medial collateral ligament injuries has focused on nonoperative therapies with…