Key points The respiratory and cardiac systems are integrally related both anatomically and functionally, and as a result there are significant interactions, particularly in the newborn period. Inappropriately high airway pressure during mechanical ventilation leads to adverse hemodynamic effects including…
Key points The very-low-birth-weight infant is hemodynamically vulnerable due to a unique set of risk factors, which include an immature myocardium with poor response to volume load and afterload, immature autonomic vasoregulation, and thus ineffective cardiovascular compensatory mechanisms, a propensity…
Key points The simplistic “treat all or treat none” approach to management of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been increasingly challenged in recent years as the variation in clinical and hemodynamic presentation has been realized. Spontaneous closure rates, poor…
Key points The use of Clinician Performed Ultrasound (CPU) in the care of sick and preterm neonates is rapidly expanding. The benefits of a portable, bedside technique that provides real-time, longitudinal data regarding the physiology of individual patients and allows…
Key points Cardiorespiratory transition at birth is a complex series of changes in which the lungs replace the placenta as the organ of gas exchange and the main source of preload to the left side of the heart. Lung aeration,…