Martin J. Citardi Archives

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Key Points Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea may be classified as traumatic (>90%) and nontraumatic (<10%). Approximately 80% of all traumatic leaks occur in the setting of accidental trauma, and the remaining traumatic CSF leaks occur after neurosurgical and rhinologic procedures.…

Sphenopalatine/Internal Maxillary Artery Ligation

Introduction ▪ Epistaxis is one of the most common otolaryngologic emergencies. ▪ Minor epistaxis usually originates from the anterior nasal septum and is often satisfactorily treated with direct pressure or anterior nasal packing. ▪ Epistaxis that is not controlled by…

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea

Sphenopalatine/Internal Maxillary Artery Ligation