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Introduction As the role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the evaluation of focal liver lesions has evolved, it has presented new challenges. , Advances in dynamic imaging modalities have obviated the need for tissue confirmation in clinically classic cases…

Indications An unexplained pancreatic mass and a bile duct stricture are the major indications for cytologic evaluation of the pancreas and bile ducts. Imaging studies contribute useful information on the location, distribution (solitary, multiple, or diffuse), and nature (cystic vs…