Summary of Key Points Endoanal sonography has an important role in the assessment of the anal sphincter in patients with fecal incontinence. Sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvic floor can be useful in evaluation of women with…
Summary of Key Points Key aspects of vascular Doppler imaging include knowledge of anatomy and waveform morphology, scanning technique, and attention to detail. Spectral Doppler velocity criteria can characterize stenosis detected by gray-scale and color Doppler. Doppler evaluation of peripheral…
Renal Vascular Doppler Ultrasound Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of the kidneys, especially in patients with borderline renal function, the incidence of which is increasing. In comparison with other modalities, ultrasound has the distinct advantage of…
Arteriovenous Fistulas and Synthetic Arteriovenous Grafts At the end of 2009, there were 571,414 patients being treated for end-stage renal disease in the United States with 116,395 new cases in that year ; approximately 65% of these patients received haemodialysis.…