Numerous techniques of vena cava interruption have been described in the past for the prevention of PE, including femoral vein and IVC ligation, and partial interruption of the IVC by means of plastic clips, plication, or mechanical staplers. These later…
Historical Background Vena cava interruption for prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE) was introduced in the 1950s and 1960s. Femoral vein and inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation, as well as partial interruption of the IVC using plastic clips, plication, and mechanical…
Historical Background The past few decades have marked a change of focus in reporting outcomes for venous disease and therapy. Although treatments were regularly being offered for many venous conditions, the outcomes were only sporadically evaluated, and reporting methods were…