Introduction The tricuspid valve apparatus is a complex and dynamic structure that interacts intricately with surrounding anatomy. The vast majority of patients with tricuspid valve disease have tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR), whereas a minority present with tricuspid stenosis (TS). TR…
Background Transcatheter valve replacement is becoming an increasingly favored option to treat a failing tricuspid bioprosthetic valve (BPV). As clinical experience grows and valve technology expands, the option of implanting a new tricuspid valve in the cardiac catheterization laboratory is…
Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy not explained by secondary causes, with a predisposition for outflow tract obstruction in some patients. As the most commonly encountered genetic cardiac condition, HCM affects 1 out of 500 individuals…
Introduction Patients with symptomatic severe mitral valve disease due to severe mitral annular calcification (MAC) are often elderly with multiple comorbidities and have a high risk of cardiovascular death. Their surgical risk for standard mitral valve surgery is high due…
Introduction Paravalvular prosthetic leak (PVL) occurs in 6% to 15% of surgical prosthetic valves or annuloplasty rings secondary to degeneration and loss of integrity of the annular tissue. Moderate-to-severe PVL is associated with increased morbidity and mortality if left untreated.…
Introduction Mitral valve disease is the most common cardiac valve condition, with the prevalence of significant regurgitation or stenosis increasing with age and estimated to be 9.5% in the general population above the age of 75. The most common treatments…
Paravalvular leak (PVL) occurs in 5% to 17% of patients after valve replacement surgery. Although the majority of PVLs are subclinical, some patients develop symptoms of heart failure, hemolysis, or both, requiring intervention. Surgical repair or valve re-replacement is the…