Background 1. What does cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) mean? The term CRS has been used to define different clinical conditions in which heart and kidney dysfunction overlap. A consensus classification of CRS is outlined in Table 9.1 . Table 9.1. Classification…
Objectives The chapter will: 1. Describe epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and main clinical features of cardiorenal syndrome type 5 (CRS-5). 2. Review main clinical disease leading to CRS-5 development. 3. Identify widespread treatment guidelines in CRS-5 patients. The cardiorenal syndromes (CRS)…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the pathophysiologic pathways of heart and kidney interaction. 2. Characterize the effect of heart failure on the kidney. 3. Identify risk factors and preexisting comorbid conditions. 4. Describe the clinical outcomes and potential therapeutic…
Objectives The chapter will: 1. Provide an overview of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) classification. 2. Briefly review cardiorenal syndromes definitions and clinical implications. 3. Focus on main pathophysiologic features of each CRS. Large numbers of hospitalized patients have various degrees of…