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Introduction Lactation is the defining characteristic of “mammal” and has enabled the wide distribution of more than the 4000 species. The evolution of a large brain that consumes approximately 23% of resting energy has given humankind a significant competitive intellectual…
Key points In addition to nutrients, human milk contains myriad bioactive components that promote development of neonatal intestinal immunity. A range of bioactive proteins in human milk function in protection against infection, immunomodulation, and nutrient utilization. Human milk growth factors…