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~~ The concentrations of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions in plasma must be precisely regulated to optimize enzyme activity, oxygen transport, and rates of chemical reactions within cells. Each day approximately 15,000 mmol of carbon dioxide (which can generate carbonic acid…
Key Points ▪ Normal hemostasis is a balance between generation of a localized hemostatic clot and uncontrolled thrombus formation. ▪ The extrinsic pathway of coagulation begins with exposure of blood plasma to tissue factor and represents the initiation phase of…