Introduction Basic functions of the larynx include being the conduit for air, protecting the airway from aspiration, phonating, coughing, fixing the chest for straining activities, maintaining positive end-expiratory pressure, and swallowing. All these functions can be impaired in patients with…
Introduction Bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI) is an uncommon condition with potentially significant negative effects on breathing and quality of life. Patients usually have symptoms of airway obstruction, such as biphasic stridor and dyspnea, with a normal or nearly normal…
Introduction Patients complaining of hoarseness, vocal fatigue, diminished vocal range, strain, or other vocal issues require a complete laryngeal examination. Based on the findings of this examination, several treatments may be indicated, including surgery. Phonomicrosurgery (PMS) encompasses a variety of…