LEONARDO KAPURAL Archives

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Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Abdominal Pain

Introduction The complexity of chronic abdominal pain requires an understanding of its associated physical and psychosocial features as it may cause severe disruptions in functional capacity and quality of life (QOL) ( ). Complexity of chronic abdominal pain is costly…

Spinal Cord Stimulation, Peripheral Nerve Stimulation, Restorative Neurostimulation, Deep Brain Stimulation, and Motor Cortex Stimulation

Introduction Neuromodulation for chronic pain control has been used for several decades but recently has received much clinical interest mainly based on published improved therapy outcomes. Spinal cord (SCS), dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for chronic…