Introduction Nipple–areola complex (NAC) reconstruction can be an important part of breast reconstruction and will definitely add an aesthetic component of breast reconstruction. Without NAC reconstruction, it usually gives the impression that the breast reconstruction has not been completed. Therefore,…
Disclosure : The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the drugs, devices, and products mentioned in this article. Introduction Implant-based breast reconstruction can also occur in a two-stage delayed approach after the primary mastectomy has been…
Disclosure : The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the drugs, devices, and products mentioned in this article. Introduction There continues to be a steady annual growth in breast reconstruction within the United States, with over…
Introduction Pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) breast reconstruction has been performed in patients for nearly four decades now. Many technical modifications have developed since Dr. Hartrampf's first operation, and these strategies have improved our ability to offer this operation…
Introduction Congenital breast asymmetry can be relatively common among young women. , Although tuberous breast deformity, Poland syndrome, and structural chest wall deformities can be considered reconstructive, less extensive congenital breast asymmetry is typically corrected as a cosmetic breast procedure.…
Introduction Gynecomastia is defined as benign glandular enlargement of the male breast, its hallmark location being a concentric mass directly beneath the nipple. , It can consist of various proportions of excess subareolar fibrous breast and adipose tissue peripherally, and…
Introduction Breast reduction can be performed for either functional or cosmetic reasons. Optimal size, shape, and symmetry and minimal scarring, as four primary goals, should be applied to any type of breast reduction; for example, the breasts after reduction should…
Introduction Breast reduction can be performed for either functional or cosmetic reasons. Optimal size, shape, symmetry, and scarring, as four primary goals, should be applied to each type of breast reduction; for example, breast size after breast reduction should be…
Introduction Breast augmentation with primary fat grafting has gained increasing popularity in the past decade. It has several advantages over implant-based breast augmentation, including avoidance of foreign body implantation and related capsular contracture, which are appealing to people who want…
Key points • Structural fillers are very useful in Asian patients to create an oval face with a tapered lower facial third. • Blunt injection cannulas have been associated with a lower risk of embolus formation and less pain and…