Introduction While echocardiography is, of course, critical in the evaluation of primary diseases of the heart, it is an equally important tool in identifying and monitoring the cardiovascular sequelae of systemic diseases and their treatment. Many of these are discussed…
Introduction Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection of the heart that, despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, is associated with in-hospital and 1-year mortalities of approximately 20% and 40%, respectively. IE is also associated with major morbidity with embolic…
Introduction Echocardiography is an essential tool in the evaluation and management of patients with prosthetic valves. Its use requires an understanding of valve design, normal prosthetic appearance and function, imaging artifacts introduced by valve elements, and the spectrum of valve…