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SUMMARY Afferent (sensory) innervation of the viscera typically involves the bilateral spinal and, for all thoracic and most abdominal organs, vagal afferents as well. Mechanosensitive spinal afferents readily sensitize and encode into the noxious range, whereas vagal afferents contribute principally…

Introduction Chronic visceral pain is common. Abdominal pain is among the main reasons for physician visits, with more than 12 million consultations each year in the United States. Patients with visceral pain present unique challenges as the pain is often…