Introduction Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is the most recent advancement in the surgical management of breast cancer, allowing for complete preservation of the nipple–areola complex along with the breast skin envelope. Initially, NSM was largely limited to utilization in prophylactic cases.…
Introduction Rates of breast reconstruction after mastectomy are increasing and have been paralleled by a rise in implant-based reconstruction. Single-stage immediate implant placement and two-stage tissue-expander techniques have demonstrated good safety profiles and patient satisfaction with outcomes. Advances in total…
Introduction Implant-based, or alloplastic, breast reconstruction is the most commonly performed method of breast reconstruction. Within implant-based reconstruction, myriad techniques and reconstructive strategies are at the surgeon's disposal to provide each individual patient with a successful breast reconstruction. Traditional immediate…
Key points • Skin, fat, muscle, fascia, tendon, and bone can all be differentially carried on vascular pedicles from various donor sites in the provision of vascularized tissue to the face. • Soft tissue, muscle, and bone flaps will all…