Among many physiologic adaptations for the survival of humans at birth, cardiorespiratory adaptation is by far the most crucial. The respiratory and circulatory systems must be developed sufficiently in utero for the newborn infant to withstand drastic changes at birth—from…
Tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia refer to chondromalacia of a central airway, leading to insufficient cartilage to maintain airway patency throughout the respiratory cycle. These are common causes of persistent wheezing in infancy. Tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia can be either primary or secondary…
Among many physiologic adaptations for the survival of humans at birth, cardiorespiratory adaptation is by far the most crucial. The respiratory and circulatory systems must be developed sufficiently in utero for the newborn infant to withstand drastic changes at birth—from…