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Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been proved effective at reducing the risk of stroke in large-scale landmark clinical trials. These randomized trials have established indications for CEA in selected patients with symptomatic stenosis of 50% or more and asymptomatic stenosis of…
Historical Background Angioplasty was first used by Dotter and Judkins in 1964 for the treatment of peripheral vascular lesions using rigid intravascular dilators. Although relatively unnoticed in the United States, this approach was used to treat large numbers of patients…