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Acknowledgments The authors greatly appreciate the editing assistance of medical student Sean Doherty of Cardiff University School of Medicine. Historical Perspectives Psychoactive substances derived from botanicals have been used ritualistically used for millennia. Developments during the second half of the…
Classification Medications derived from Papaver somniferum , the opium poppy, have played a central role in medical practice for well over 3500 years. Sumerian clay tablets, which include our oldest known medical texts, called the opium poppy “Hul Gil,” the…