Key Points Performing this block requires ultrasound experience. Needle visualization plays a major role in achieving a successful block. Epidural spread can occur from a unilateral injection. Indications Patients who undergo operative procedures of the chest and upper abdomen. Unilateral…
Key Points Patient selection plays a major role in performing the block; it is challenging with obese patients. Ultrasound experience is required to maximize the success rate of the block. Vascular injection is a risk if no spread is visualized…
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Key Points Identifying the different layers of the muscles is crucial because the peritoneum is the shiniest layer under the transversus abdominis muscle. When the bowels are seen under the peritoneum under ultrasound, the sliding sign appears in response to…
Key Points Checking the anatomy with ultrasound before and during the procedure assures success. Because the sacrum is not fully ossified, it can still be penetrated by the ultrasound beams. Loss of resistance is not significant when placing an epidural…
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