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Key Points Although patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) both involve an abnormal communication across the interatrial septum, their causes are different. PFO results from lack of fusion between the septum primum and the septum secundum, whereas…
20.1 Embryology and Anatomy The foramen ovale is pivotal during intrauterine life and facilitates the passage of oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetal circulatory system. The blood flow from the umbilical veins enters the right atrium through the…