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Key Points All tissue valves will fail if the patients live long enough. The average time from implant to valve-in-valve procedures has been approximately 8 years. Valve-in-valve procedures are less invasive and often lower risk than redo open-heart surgery. Improvements…
13.1 Key Points Transcatheter valve implantation is feasible in failing surgical aortic, mitral, pulmonic and tricuspid bioprostheses. Access may be transarterial (femoral, subclavian, axillary), transvenous (femoral, subclavian, jugular), transapical, transatrial, or direct transaortic. Paravalvular regurgitation (PR) must be distinguished from…