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Key Concepts Collagen-vascular diseases can affect almost every layer of the eye. Etiology is largely unknown but involves autoimmune and possibly genetic factors. Anterior segment manifestations are most severe in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a common cause…
Key Concepts The topical preservative benzalkonium chloride may cause mild to severe ocular surface toxicity. Anesthetic abuse keratopathy includes persistent epithelial defects, ring-shaped infiltrates, and ultimately corneal perforation, even with dilute concentrations for a short duration. Delayed wound healing can…