Summary of Key Points The cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) is subject to unique biomechanical stresses because it is the transitional zone between the cervical and thoracic spine, and lesions in this area can lead to progressive instability, resulting in kyphosis and…
Summary of Key Points Minimally invasive spine surgery has gained popularity. It may be used for decompression and stabilization of all segments of the spine and spinal cord. The evolution of minimally invasive spine techniques includes more historical surgical approaches,…
Summary of Key Points Anterior subaxial fixation techniques have greatly evolved since first being described in the 1950s. Current fixation techniques involve a combination of modular interbodies, titanium plates, and screws. The composition of the interbodies (titanium, allograft, etc.) and…
Summary of Key Points A crisis requires swift and decisive action by the healthcare team. In the unlikely event of cardiac arrest, the patient in the prone position will require closed or reverse cardiopulmonary resuscitation or, rarely, a last-resort open…